National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), had beginnings based in both scientific pursuit and the military. Lets start from the first days and see how the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) started. After the Second World War, the Defense Department launched serious research push into the fields of rocketry and upper atmosphere sciences to ensure American leadership in technology. As part of this push, President Dwight D. Eisenhower approved a plan to orbit a scientific satellite as part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) for the period from July 1 1957 to December 31 1958, a cooperative effort to collect scientific data about the Earth. Quickly, the Soviet Union jumped in, announcing plans to orbit its own satellites. The Naval Research Laboratorys Vanguard project was selected on September 9 1955 to support the IGY effort, but while it enjoyed exceptional publicity throughout the second half of 1955, and all of 1956, the technological requirements in the program were too big and funding levels too small to ensure success. The launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957 pushed the U.S. satellite program in crisis mode. Playing technological catch-up, the United States launched its first Earth satellite on January 31, 1958, when Explorer 1 documented the existence of radiation zones encircling the Earth. Next page NASA History - The Formation of NASA Page 1, 2, 3 One law for the investigation of the problems of flight within and outside the Earths atmosphere, and for other purposes. With this simple preamble, Congress and the President of the United States created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on October 1, 1958, a direct result of the Sputnik crisis. The fledgling National Aeronautics and Space Administration body absorbed the former National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics intact: its 8000 employees, an annual budget of $ 100 million, three major research labs - Langley Aeronautical Laboratory, Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, and Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory - and two small test facilities. Soon after, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) joined other organizations, including the space science group from the Naval Research Laboratory in Maryland, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory managed by the California Institute of Technology for the Army, and Army Ballistic Missile Agency in Huntsville, Alab ama, the laboratory where Wernher von Brauns team of engineers were engaged in the development of large rockets. As it grew, the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), established in other centers, and today has ten located around the country. Early in its history, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was already seeking to put a human in space. Once again, the Soviet Union the U.S. beat to the punch when Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space on April 12, 1961. However, the gap was closing as on May 5, 1961, Alan B. Shepard Jr. became the first American to fly into space, when he rode his Mercury capsule on a 15-minute suborbital mission. Project Mercury was the first high-profile program of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), which had as its goal placing humans in space. The following year, on February 20, John H. Glenn Jr. became the first U.S. astronaut to orbit the Earth. Following in the footsteps of Project Mercury, Gemini continued NASAs human spaceflight program to and expanded its capabilities with spacecraft built for two astronauts. Geminis 10 flights also provided NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) scientists and engineers with more data on weightlessness,perfected reentry and splashdown procedures, and demonstrated rendezvous and docking in space. One of the highlights of the program took place during the Gemini 4 on June 3, 1965, when Edward H. White, Jr. became the first U.S. astronaut to perform a spacewalk. Next page NASA History - NASA Crowning Achievement Page 1, 2, 3 The crowning achievement of NASAs early years was Project Apollo. When President John F. Kennedy announced I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth, NASA was committed to putting a man on the moon. The Apollo moon project was a massive effort that required significant expenditures, costing $25.4 billion, 11 years, and 3 lives to accomplish. On July 20, 1969, Neil A. Armstrong made his now famous remarks, Thats one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind as he stepped onto the lunar surface during the Apollo 11 mission. After taking soil samples, photographs, and doing other tasks on the moon, Armstrong and Aldrin rendezvoused with their colleague Michael Collins in lunar orbit for a safe journey back to Earth. There were five more successful lunar landing of Apollo missions, but only a failed one rivaled the first for excitement. All totaled, 12 astronauts walked on the Moon during the Apollo years.

Nifty Fifties to the Twenty-first Century Essay - 686 Words

Nifty Fifties to the Twenty-First Century Most of our grandparents remember the times of the fifties. A time of youthfulness, rebellion and rock and roll is what the fifties were all about. As the teenagers of the twenty first century start to grow up, and have families of their own, they will also remember what their youth was like, as did their grandparents. The teenagers of the fifties and the twenty-first century could be compared to day and night. The 1950s have come and gone, but it is not an era that will be forgotten, the teenagers of the twenty-first era will soon remember what it was like just as their grandparents are these days. Rock and roll was a form of rebellion among teens in the fifties. Most parents saw†¦show more content†¦Divorce papers are handed out now days like candy to babies. If you are unhappy and married then why not get divorced until you find happiness. Most teens of the twenty-first century have many friends whose parents are also divorced unlike the teens of the fifties. In the fifties it was very common for teenagers to get married straight out of high school. The teenagers of the twenty-first century are sometimes not committing to marriage until their late twenties, or even late thirties. Unlike the teenage women of the fifties, most girls now go onto college in hopes of earning a higher standard of learning, which in turn gives them a chance to earn a higher standard of living. Most of the teen women in the fifties depended upon their husbands to provide for them, to be the bread winner and wear the pants. Teen women of the twenty-first century are now much more independent, and in the worst case scenario plan to make needs to provide for themselves in certain situations. Poodle skirts and jumpers are definitely a thing of the past. Teens now are into jeans, shirts, and mini skirts. Destroyed jeans are a major hit with the twenty-first century teens, if a fiftys teen had worn jeans with tons of holes in it, they were thought to be very poor. The bikini is a popular choice of teen girls in the twenty-first century, in the fifties, the skimpiest bathing suit stillShow MoreRelatedMicrosoft Excel Workbook100984 Words   |  404 Pageswriting style that is easy to understand and read. This CustomGuide is a set of lessons that teach you everything you need to know about Microsoft Excel 2002. It’s designed for new users who are just starting to learn how to use Microsoft Excel for the first time and for more experienced users who want to learn more advanced features. Here’s how your CustomGuide is organized: Chapters This book is divided into several chapters. Each chapter covers a set of topics that are related in some way to eachRead MoreFundamentals of Corporate Finance 9e82683 Words   |  331 Pageswith their personal benefits from employment, the prestige of their position, and the perks to which they feel entitled. There are numerous examples, some of which are excessive compensation packages, large corporate offices, excessive staffing, and first-class travel and conference locations, to name a few. Feedback: Refer to section 1.4 AACSB: Ethics Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Objective: 1-4 Section: 1.4 Topic: Agency conflict 70. How do the actual effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of

Romeo and Juliet The Betrayal of the Adults to J Essay Example For Students

Romeo and Juliet The Betrayal of the Adults to J Essay uliet Romeo Juliet EssaysRomeo and Juliet The Betrayal of the Adults to Juliet In Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet the adults betray Juliet because they are unable to understand her. Juliets parents, Capulet and Lady Capulet, fail to understands Juliets decision not to marry Paris. The Nurse fails Juliet by not supporting Juliets decision to remain married to Romeo. The final adult to fail Juliet is Friar Lawrence who does not comprehend Juliet and Romeos love for each other. These misunderstandings cause the adults to betray Juliet. The first to betray Juliet is her parents, Capulet and Lady Capulet. Capulet decides to marry Juliet to Paris. When Juliet refuses to do so Capulet threatens to disown her. you shall not house with me. (III, v, 200) he states. Capulet will only forgive her if she will consent to her fathers decision .. .Ill give you to my friend./An you be not hang, beg, starve, die in the streets. (III, v, 203-204) His wife, upon hearing Juliets decision against marrying to Paris, refuses to give Juliet counsel. Talk not to me, for Ill not speak a word./Do as thou wilt for I have done with thee. (III, v, 214-215) Lady Capulet is angered by Juliets choice and wishes I would the fool be married to her grave. (III, v, 145) Juliets parents betray Juliet by not supporting Juliets pleas for the marriage to be delayed a year. Capulet and Lady Capulet do not know Juliet is married to Romeo, a fact that may have, yet not likely altered these circumstances. Her parents betrayal causes Juliet to look for comfort from the Nurse. The Nurse also fails to support Juliets choice against marrying Paris. Instead of supporting Juliet the Nurse instead believes I think it is best you marry the county. ..For it excels your first (marriage). (III, v, 230, 236) Juliet feels betrayed by this reply as the Nurse . .. dispraise my lord (Romeo) with that same tounge/Which she hath praised him beyond compare/So many thousand times? (III, v, 249-252) The Nurses betrayal causes Juliet to go to the Friar with the intent to commit suicide should he be unable to help Juliet Ill to the Friar to know his remedy./If all else fails myself have the power to die. (III, v, 254-255) The Friar is the final adult to betray Juliet. He fails to understand Romeo and Juliets love for each other. Part of the misunderstanding is brought on by Romeo being quick to forget Rosaline. The Friar believes that Juliet and Romeos love is temporary and advises Romeo Wisely and slow. They stumble that run fast. (II, iv, 101) The Friar is mistaken. The Friar, when he was down in the tomb with Juliet, who is distressed about Romeos death, could have saved her life. Instead of staying with Juliet and comforting her when she does not wish to leave Go, get thee hence, for I will not away. (V, iii, 165) Friar Lawrence betrays her by rushing out of the tomb Come, go, good Juliet. I dare no longer stay (V, iii, 164) when he hears the watch coming. Part of this reaction comes from the Friar misunderstanding Juliet and Romeos love. The other part comes from the Friars self concern. As a result from Friar Lawrences betrayal Juliet commits suicide. The adults betrayed Juliet because they did not see things in the same view as she did. Adults may not always understand children as they see things in different views. Adults have more experience than children. .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede , .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede .postImageUrl , .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede , .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede:hover , .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede:visited , .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede:active { border:0!important; } .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede:active , .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8f189a75ae0ba0c08caf523ff1c81ede:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ethnographic Film Essay Experience alters their choices in how to act. Shakespeares creation of the conflict in this play, between Juliet and the adults, demonstrates his understanding the young and olds various views on topics and how this misunderstanding may result in betrayal.

The natural resource base of a country is fundamental to any explanation of its level of national economic development Essay Example

The natural resource base of a country is fundamental to any explanation of its level of national economic development Essay In this essay I aim to show the true importance of natural resource to the economic growth of a country. I will be discussing Japans and Canadas economic situation as well as comparing it to Saudi Arabia in relation to the availability of natural resources. Indicators such as GNP per capita, Literacy rates, and the countries exports and imports will be studied to help suggest if a natural resource base is fundamental to national economic development of a county. Natural resources are a vital part in the development of the Worlds economy. There is lack of theory in terms of generalising about the relationship between resources and development. Japan is a good example. As explained Japan is a very rich economic country. Manufacturing is its strength but it has few natural resources. The countries successful economy is based on the export of high quality consumer goods developed with the latest technologies for example Toyota, Sony, Fujifilm and Panasonic are famous across the globe. One common pattern is for Japanese companies to import raw materials and then process them to make finished products, which are sold domestically or exported. In an often cited statement 1 (e.g. Cairns, 1994, p 782) Erich Zimmerman wrote resources are not; they become. Meaning that natural resources have no value until labour and capital is applied. Japan has one of the largest export based economies. Japan is 5th in the world for largest export of goods 2 $538.8 b illion (2004 est). In reference to table 1 it can be seen that machinery is Japans biggest export. We will write a custom essay sample on The natural resource base of a country is fundamental to any explanation of its level of national economic development specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The natural resource base of a country is fundamental to any explanation of its level of national economic development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The natural resource base of a country is fundamental to any explanation of its level of national economic development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Japan relies heavily on other countries for resources. Japans main agricultural product is rice, and most rice eaten in Japan is home-grown. Since Japan has little arable land compared to its population, it cannot grow enough wheat, soybeans, or other major crops to feed all its citizens. In fact, Japan has one of the lowest rates of food self-sufficiency of all industrialized countries. 5 Only 15% of Japans land is suitable for cultivation. This means it has to import a high percentage of its food from abroad. Japan is the largest market for US exports. Japan has had to build its enormous industrial output and high standard of living on a very low natural resource base. Industry, the most important sector of the economy, is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. Mostly in terms of fossil fuels, particularly oil. It imports 90% of its oil. Due to the fact that In Japan they supply less that 1% of countries demand. Japan has more oil refining than oil production, and more oil consumption than oil refining. Looking at Table 2 it is notable that Japan is also very short on metal and mineral resources. With Machinery and Mineral fuels being one of the major imports. Japans imports of goods is to the value of $401.8 billion. Meaning Japan is making money from developing the imported primary material then processing these resources to export the manufactured goods. Despite Japan having a very poor resource base it is the 3rd largest economy in the world after USA and China. It has huge amounts of economic power, and its average income levels and standard of living are among the highest in the world.6 Japan GNP per Capita is $29,400 (2004 est.) 99% of the population are literate. 7For 3 decades economic growth has been spectacular 10% average in 1960s, 5% in the 70s and in 1980 4% growth. It is world leading in high technology, industry and has a strong work ethic. Industry is the most important sector of economy. Only 6% of the labour force engage in agriculture while 70% of the labour force, are in the service sector. Japan is among worlds largest and technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods. Japan is a prime example of that a natural resource base is not fundamental to a countrys development. Its the ability to use and convert these natural resources for example iron ore into steal. 8Blessed with natural resources. From another perspective, the theory of development says that natural resource base is positive in the terms of the benefits for a country. For example Canada has a rich natural resource base. Its an extremely affluent, high tech industrial society with high standards of living. When looking at indicators Canada can be seen as a well developed country. GNP per capita is at an impressive $31,500. This ranks above Japan. The literacy rate for the population is 98%. 9 It has been said that the countrys high income and high standard of living is that its export of natural resource financed the growth and diversification of its national economy in a very beneficial way (Sheppard Barnes). Iron ore, nickel, and zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower are the main resources. These natural resources along with skilled labour and capital help to secure solid economical prospects. However Canada does not just export these primary resources, it uses them to produce manufactured goods such as; motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment, chemicals and fertilizers along with its natural resources such as timber.10Canada has a large amount of exports $315.6 billion. It is Ranked 10th in the world.It imports $256.1 billion. Canada mainly imports machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, crude oil and chemicals.11 Canada gains more capita from exporting than importing this is why it is an economically developed country with a GDP of $31,500- exports counting approximately for one third of this. Its exporting of natural resources and manufactured goods, has created a high level of economic development within Canada. This helps show that a good natural resource base is important to economic growth. It has been assumed that possessing natural resources benefits a country. However, experience has shown that for most developing countries possessing natural resources has not made them economically strong. Nowhere, is this more obvious than in the oil industry.12 This trend has been identified the resource curse by Richard Auty (1995). For example Saudi Arabia is the largest exporter of oil in the world. It holds 25% of the worlds oil reserves. It makes more money from exporting petroleum and petroleum products than importing machinery, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles and chemicals, 13its GDP is only $12 000- 40% of this and 90% of its oil earnings. 14Saudi Arabia holds a huge dependence on oil. In the past the demand for oil slowed and pulled oil prices down by more than a 1/3 causing Saudi Arabia economic uncertainty. In comparison although Saudi Arabia has this natural resource base, it fails to develop. Countries like the USA and Canada use technology and capital to exploit the natural resources to produce manufactured goods. Then use trade and exchange to create a profit. It does not use natural resources alone. As stated before this is shown from Canada GNP per capita of $31,500 which is relatively high in comparison to Saudi Arabia with a GNP per capita of $12,000 who just uses solely depends on its exports of oil. Japan a country with resource deficiency has GNP per capita of $29,400 because it gains access through trade and exchange. This shows that economic resource base is not always fundamental to a countries development. In conclusion it can be seen from the countries of Canada, Japan and Saudi Arabia that a natural resource base is not always fundamental to the countrys level of economic development. One of the key issues that have been identified is that it is the access to natural resources through trade and exchange that is important. The use of technology, labour and capital thereafter produces manufactured goods that can then be exported resulting in strong economic growth. Depending on a natural resource alone is not enough to sustain economic development. Sheppard and Barnes (2003) help to summarise to a certain degree that natural resource base is not always fundamental to a countrys level of economic growth 15 It appears that the location of resource deposits is almost irrelevant to where geographically those resources will be used. Not natural resources alone that facilitate growth its right technology, the right culture, and the right markets.